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Biomechanical foundations of Aligner Orthodontics
Biomechanical foundations of Aligner Orthodontics. A book that orthodontists can quickly consult whenever a question arises while planning any type of case, knowing they will find up-to-date information on tools, biomechanics, protocols, and optimal sequences—all backed by the latest scientific research. We trust it will fulfill this purpose and become a versatile, effective tool to help our colleagues plan their cases successfully. This book is also available in spanish.
- Disciplina/s:
- Odontopediatria
Ortodoncia
Prótesis / Odontología Estética - Idioma:
- Inglés
- Encuadernación:
- Tapa Dura
- Edición:
- 1ª Edición
- Año de publicación:
- 2026
- Número de páginas:
- 272
9791399153064
9791399153064
Índice de contenidos
-
Chapter 1: Aligner Biomechanics
- Properties of plastic polymers
- Mechanical properties of the plastic
- Rigidity
- Elasticity
- Aligner Kinematics
- How does an aligner move teeth?
- 1. Displacement-driven system
- 2. Force-driven system
- How does the aligner apply force?
- How to biomechanically design an attachment
- Parts of an attachment
- Biomechanical design of an attachment
- Design of an extrusion attachment
- Design of a rotation attachment
- Design of a translation attachment
- Design of a retention attachment
- Intrusion movement
- Expansion movement
- Torque movement
-
Chapter 2: Attachments in Clear Aligner Treatment
- Definition and components of an attachment
- Size and location
- Functions of attachments
- 1. Force systems
- Influence of attachments on rotational movement
- Influence of attachments on extrusion movement
- Influence of attachments on root movements
- 2. Increased retention
- Classification of attachments and comparison between conventional and optimized attachments
- Conventional attachments
- Optimized attachments
- Comparison between conventional and optimized attachments
- 1. Force systems
-
Chapter 3: The Invisalign System: SmartForce, SmartTrack, and SmartStage
- SmartForce
- Characteristics of SmartForce
- Optimized attachments
- Optimized rotation attachment
- Optimized root-control attachment
- Optimized extrusion attachment (canines and incisors)
- Optimized extrusion attachment (premolars and molars)
- Optimized deep-bite attachment (support)
- Optimized multiplanar attachment (upper lateral incisors)
- Optimized multiplanar attachment (molars)
- Optimized expansion attachment
- Power ridges
- Pressure areas
- Optimized attachments
- Bite ramps
- Characteristics of SmartForce
- Hierarchy of SmartForce
- Conventional attachments
- Horizontal gingivally beveled attachment
- Vertical beveled attachment
- Horizontal occlusally beveled attachment
- Conventional attachments
- SmartStage
- SmartTrack
- Toxicity
- Common errors regarding attachments
- Optimized attachments vs. conventional attachments
- SmartForce
-
Chapter 4: ClinCheck Design
- Introduction
- ClinCheck preparation
- 1. Digital detailing
- 2. Cut & detail
- 3. Set Up & Staging
- 4. Gingiva
- CBCT integration in the ClinCheck Software
- ClinCheck as an interpretive tool
- ClinCheck review protocols
- Review of the initial setup
- Review of CAD Designer comments
- Review of the final position
- Review of the animation
- Review of the evolution tab
- Review of the treatment tab
- Review of the movement table
- Working ClinCheck Checklist
- Finishing ClinCheck (FF.CC.) Checklist
- ClinCheck design process
- Communication with CAD Designers
- Tips for the Working ClinCheck
- Monitoring – Routines, problems, alerts
- Delivery and fitting
- Review protocol
- Ideal aligner replacement frequency
-
Chapter 5: Interproximal Reduction
- Stripping in orthodontics
- Definition and indications
- Planning
- General principles
- When to perform IPR before taking records
- Practical recommendations
- IPR execution
- Materials for performing stripping
- Manual diamond strips
- Honeycomb disc
- Mechanized diamond strips for contra-angle handpiece
- Sheridan burs for posterior IPR
- Recontouring burs
- Soft tissue protectors
- Materials for performing stripping
- Practical recommendations
- Stripping in orthodontics
-
Chapter 6: Transverse Plane
- Managing the transverse plane
- Type of transverse problem
- Predictability of expansion with aligners
- Crowding and transverse compression
- Crossbites
- General planning
- How are interferences managed while decrossing an anterior crossbite?
- Is elastic use necessary?
- Retention
- Managing the transverse plane
-
Chapter 7: Deep Bite
- Diagnosis of deep bite
- Biomechanical tools
- A. Proclination
- B. Anterior intrusion
- Invisalign G5 and G8
- Pressure areas
- Optimized deep bite attachments
- Bite ramps
- Biomechanics of anterior intrusion
- Intrusion movement planning guidelines
- C. Posterior extrusion
- Expansion and relative posterior extrusion
- Keys to controlling and correcting deep bite
-
Chapter 8: Open Bite
- Diagnosis of open bite
- Biomechanical tools
- A. Expansion
- B. Retroinclination
- C. Absolute extrusion
- D. Posterior intrusion
- Strategy to control and correct open bite
-
Chapter 9: Class II
- Introduction
- Correction strategies for Class II
- Sequential maxillary distalization
- Anchorage in sequential distalization
- Class II elastics
- Skeletal anchorage
- Six common errors in Class II treatment planning
- 1. Insufficient hypercorrection
- 2. Toboggan effect
- 3. Incorrect torque and overbite planning
- 4. Inappropriate use of elastics
- 5. Incorrect planning of anterior bite ramps
- 6. Lack of compliance
- Mandibular mesialization
- Use of auxiliaries, prior or simultaneous
- Other options: extractions, orthognathic surgery
-
Chapter 10: Virtual Bite Jump
- Basic concepts of the Virtual Bite Jump
- Predictability of the Virtual Bite Jump due to elastic use
- 1. Patient age
- 2. Compliance
- 3. Type of elastics
- 4. Amount of planned expansion
- 5. Periodontal status
- 6. Wear time vs. overjet-overbite
- Planning the Virtual Bite Jump
- Class II
- Class III
- Monitoring the Virtual Bite Jump
- Visualizing the Virtual Bite Jump
- Calculating the Virtual Bite Jump
-
Chapter 11: Class III
- Introduction
- General strategy
- The transverse problem in Class III
- Sequential mandibular distalization
- Maxillary mesialization
- Anchorage planning
-
Chapter 12: Extractions
- Introduction
- Historical background of extractions with clear aligners
- Case selection for extractions
- Favorable cases (tipping movement and large crowns)
- ClinCheck as a communication and diagnostic tool
- Direction of space closure
- Anterior torque
- Ideal case for treatment with extractions and aligners
- Extraction of mandibular incisors
- Invisalign’s G6 protocol
- Angel Aligner’s A7 solution
- Segmented, or tactical, tooth movements
- Auxiliary resources in extraction treatments
-
Chapter 13: Periodontal Patients
- Introduction
- Considerations for planning patients with support loss due to periodontal disease (PD)
- 1. Mild periodontal disease
- 2. Moderate periodontal disease
- 3. Severe periodontal disease
- Management, control, and prevention of gingival recession
- Treatment of black triangles
-
Chapter 14: Finished ClinCheck: Interdigitation and Occlusion
- Finishing of Cases
- 1. Posterior Open Bite
- 1.1. Posterior Intrusion Due to “Lifting Effect”
- 1.2. Lack of Expression of Posterior Tooth Movements
- 1.3. Anterior Prematurities
- 1.4. Bowing
- 1.5. Growing Class III Patients
- 1.6. Poorly Planned Expansion and Flaring of the Crowns
- 2. Details for a Good Finishing ClinCheck
- 2.1. Recommendations Before Taking Records for Additional Aligners
- 2.2. Planning of the Finishing ClinCheck
- 2.3. Auxiliary Finishing Methods
- 2.4 Pre-Removal Adjustments and Tricks
- 2.5 Type 2 Carving: Functional Occlusal Adjustment
- 3. Planning the “WOW” ClinCheck
- 3.1. Smile Analysis
- 3.2. Digital Smile Design (DSD)
- 3.3. Type 3 Carving – Esthetic – Contouring
- 1. Posterior Open Bite
- Finishing of Cases
Contents index
-
Chapter 1: Aligner Biomechanics
- Properties of plastic polymers
- Mechanical properties of the plastic
- Rigidity
- Elasticity
- Aligner Kinematics
- How does an aligner move teeth?
- 1. Displacement-driven system
- 2. Force-driven system
- How does the aligner apply force?
- How to biomechanically design an attachment
- Parts of an attachment
- Biomechanical design of an attachment
- Design of an extrusion attachment
- Design of a rotation attachment
- Design of a translation attachment
- Design of a retention attachment
- Intrusion movement
- Expansion movement
- Torque movement
-
Chapter 2: Attachments in Clear Aligner Treatment
- Definition and components of an attachment
- Size and location
- Functions of attachments
- 1. Force systems
- Influence of attachments on rotational movement
- Influence of attachments on extrusion movement
- Influence of attachments on root movements
- 2. Increased retention
- Classification of attachments and comparison between conventional and optimized attachments
- Conventional attachments
- Optimized attachments
- Comparison between conventional and optimized attachments
- 1. Force systems
-
Chapter 3: The Invisalign System: SmartForce, SmartTrack, and SmartStage
- SmartForce
- Characteristics of SmartForce
- Optimized attachments
- Optimized rotation attachment
- Optimized root-control attachment
- Optimized extrusion attachment (canines and incisors)
- Optimized extrusion attachment (premolars and molars)
- Optimized deep-bite attachment (support)
- Optimized multiplanar attachment (upper lateral incisors)
- Optimized multiplanar attachment (molars)
- Optimized expansion attachment
- Power ridges
- Pressure areas
- Optimized attachments
- Bite ramps
- Characteristics of SmartForce
- Hierarchy of SmartForce
- Conventional attachments
- Horizontal gingivally beveled attachment
- Vertical beveled attachment
- Horizontal occlusally beveled attachment
- Conventional attachments
- SmartStage
- SmartTrack
- Toxicity
- Common errors regarding attachments
- Optimized attachments vs. conventional attachments
- SmartForce
-
Chapter 4: ClinCheck Design
- Introduction
- ClinCheck preparation
- 1. Digital detailing
- 2. Cut & detail
- 3. Set Up & Staging
- 4. Gingiva
- CBCT integration in the ClinCheck Software
- ClinCheck as an interpretive tool
- ClinCheck review protocols
- Review of the initial setup
- Review of CAD Designer comments
- Review of the final position
- Review of the animation
- Review of the evolution tab
- Review of the treatment tab
- Review of the movement table
- Working ClinCheck Checklist
- Finishing ClinCheck (FF.CC.) Checklist
- ClinCheck design process
- Communication with CAD Designers
- Tips for the Working ClinCheck
- Monitoring – Routines, problems, alerts
- Delivery and fitting
- Review protocol
- Ideal aligner replacement frequency
-
Chapter 5: Interproximal Reduction
- Stripping in orthodontics
- Definition and indications
- Planning
- General principles
- When to perform IPR before taking records
- Practical recommendations
- IPR execution
- Materials for performing stripping
- Manual diamond strips
- Honeycomb disc
- Mechanized diamond strips for contra-angle handpiece
- Sheridan burs for posterior IPR
- Recontouring burs
- Soft tissue protectors
- Materials for performing stripping
- Practical recommendations
- Stripping in orthodontics
-
Chapter 6: Transverse Plane
- Managing the transverse plane
- Type of transverse problem
- Predictability of expansion with aligners
- Crowding and transverse compression
- Crossbites
- General planning
- How are interferences managed while decrossing an anterior crossbite?
- Is elastic use necessary?
- Retention
- Managing the transverse plane
-
Chapter 7: Deep Bite
- Diagnosis of deep bite
- Biomechanical tools
- A. Proclination
- B. Anterior intrusion
- Invisalign G5 and G8
- Pressure areas
- Optimized deep bite attachments
- Bite ramps
- Biomechanics of anterior intrusion
- Intrusion movement planning guidelines
- C. Posterior extrusion
- Expansion and relative posterior extrusion
- Keys to controlling and correcting deep bite
-
Chapter 8: Open Bite
- Diagnosis of open bite
- Biomechanical tools
- A. Expansion
- B. Retroinclination
- C. Absolute extrusion
- D. Posterior intrusion
- Strategy to control and correct open bite
-
Chapter 9: Class II
- Introduction
- Correction strategies for Class II
- Sequential maxillary distalization
- Anchorage in sequential distalization
- Class II elastics
- Skeletal anchorage
- Six common errors in Class II treatment planning
- 1. Insufficient hypercorrection
- 2. Toboggan effect
- 3. Incorrect torque and overbite planning
- 4. Inappropriate use of elastics
- 5. Incorrect planning of anterior bite ramps
- 6. Lack of compliance
- Mandibular mesialization
- Use of auxiliaries, prior or simultaneous
- Other options: extractions, orthognathic surgery
-
Chapter 10: Virtual Bite Jump
- Basic concepts of the Virtual Bite Jump
- Predictability of the Virtual Bite Jump due to elastic use
- 1. Patient age
- 2. Compliance
- 3. Type of elastics
- 4. Amount of planned expansion
- 5. Periodontal status
- 6. Wear time vs. overjet-overbite
- Planning the Virtual Bite Jump
- Class II
- Class III
- Monitoring the Virtual Bite Jump
- Visualizing the Virtual Bite Jump
- Calculating the Virtual Bite Jump
-
Chapter 11: Class III
- Introduction
- General strategy
- The transverse problem in Class III
- Sequential mandibular distalization
- Maxillary mesialization
- Anchorage planning
-
Chapter 12: Extractions
- Introduction
- Historical background of extractions with clear aligners
- Case selection for extractions
- Favorable cases (tipping movement and large crowns)
- ClinCheck as a communication and diagnostic tool
- Direction of space closure
- Anterior torque
- Ideal case for treatment with extractions and aligners
- Extraction of mandibular incisors
- Invisalign’s G6 protocol
- Angel Aligner’s A7 solution
- Segmented, or tactical, tooth movements
- Auxiliary resources in extraction treatments
-
Chapter 13: Periodontal Patients
- Introduction
- Considerations for planning patients with support loss due to periodontal disease (PD)
- 1. Mild periodontal disease
- 2. Moderate periodontal disease
- 3. Severe periodontal disease
- Management, control, and prevention of gingival recession
- Treatment of black triangles
-
Chapter 14: Finished ClinCheck: Interdigitation and Occlusion
- Finishing of Cases
- 1. Posterior Open Bite
- 1.1. Posterior Intrusion Due to “Lifting Effect”
- 1.2. Lack of Expression of Posterior Tooth Movements
- 1.3. Anterior Prematurities
- 1.4. Bowing
- 1.5. Growing Class III Patients
- 1.6. Poorly Planned Expansion and Flaring of the Crowns
- 2. Details for a Good Finishing ClinCheck
- 2.1. Recommendations Before Taking Records for Additional Aligners
- 2.2. Planning of the Finishing ClinCheck
- 2.3. Auxiliary Finishing Methods
- 2.4 Pre-Removal Adjustments and Tricks
- 2.5 Type 2 Carving: Functional Occlusal Adjustment
- 3. Planning the “WOW” ClinCheck
- 3.1. Smile Analysis
- 3.2. Digital Smile Design (DSD)
- 3.3. Type 3 Carving – Esthetic – Contouring
- 1. Posterior Open Bite
- Finishing of Cases
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